Overview:

• State religion is Islam.

• Recognition and registration are differentiated, however, existential recognition is provided only to Islam, the Muslim community, and Islamic organisations that the government approves of; registration is offered sparingly to non-Islamic groups; this creates a situation of partial recognition in the country.

• Procedures for registration remain undetermined due to the government's publish its registration criteria.

• The segmentation of registration procedures immediately causes issues of restriction, imbalance of recognition statuses and contradictions in the law.

• The rule of mandatory registration, including mandatory permits and licenses to conduct basic religious activities, violates the Bielefeldt provision.

• The laws set in place to protect against desecration, labelling of someone as an infidel etc. seem to primarily protect Islamic groups.

Positive elements:

• Nil.

Recommendations:

• Establish a reorganised recognition system that has jurisdiction nationwide in order to resolve issues of segmentation; also, this recognition system would be able to extend existential recognition and legal registration to all belief systems and their derivatives without discrimination.

• Revoke present laws on blasphemy, conversion and proselytism that restrict expression and declarations of belief.

• Dismantlement of the present apparatus that terminally restricts the ability of non-Islamic and especially non-Abrahamic groups from practicing.